Woven pile fabric.



PATENTED OCT. 25, 1904.

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T. B. DORNAN.

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WOVEN PILE FABRIC. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 7. 1903. N0 MODEL.

@jl @X llgw s bb@ Im-773,130. f i' PATENTBD 0012.25, 1904. T.B. DORNAN.. WOVEN PILE FABRIC.

I v APPLICATION FILED JANx 7, 1903. n N'O MODEL. ZBHEETS--SHEET 2.

Wl'zinesses: Invmor www4 by" ffy yPatented October 25, 1904.

`UNITED STATES ,4f-PATENT OFFICE. f

THOMAS BENTON DORNAN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

wovEN PILE FABRIC. E

SPECIFICATION forming part of- Letters Patent No. 773,130, dated October 25, 1904.

Application iiled .'.faliuary 7, 1903.

To all whom it mayconcern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS BENTON DOR- NAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State ofvPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Woven Pile Fabrics, of which the following is a specification, reference .beinghad therein to the'acpile fabrics, and more particularly to the class of such fabrics known as three-shot fabrics.` In such three-shot fabrics three of the weft threads are tied. in each loop "of the binder warp-threads, and in such fabrics as heretofore there has been one tuft or loop of the pile-forming figuring warp-threads for each group of three weft-threads, and in such fabrics as heretofore made athreefold pileforming figuring warp-thread has been usually employed. In Brussels or Wilton fabrics of the three-shot variety as heretofore made with the usual employment of threefold worsted for the pile forming threads the quantity of unused figuring warp threads buried within the fabric has been very largeas, for example, with five sets of pile-forming figuring warp-threadsthere have been four threefold worsted threads Yburied in the fabric for every tuft or loop of pile appearing on the surface of the fabric.

According to my invention one pile loop or tuft is provided for each weft-thread in the different plies of the fabric, and lthus in each group of three weft-threads of .a three-shot pile fabric there will be three pile loopshor tufts, and I may employ single-fold worsted' and produce upon the surface of the fabric the same quantity of pile as has been produced in the three-shot fabric heretofore employed with threefold worsted. With singlefold worsted the quantity of buried worsted.

is reduced two-thirds, and therefore the embodiment of my invention effects a saving of two-thirds of the, buried or drag warp in a Brussels or Wilton fabric. The embodiment of my invention also effects a finer subdivision and a more even distribution of the surfacethreads and also permits a finer arrangement of pattern changes, thereby affording superior pattern effects, and also produces a fabric in Serial No. 138,172. (No specimens.)

which by reason of the more uniform and even. distribution of the surface-threads over the of fabric-as, .for example, the tying of the pile in Vboth the upper and the lower plies, resulting ina tight tying, and in patterned fabrics the exhibition of a pattern resembling the face pattern on the back of the fabric.

Many of the advantages of my invention may also be attained `in a tapestry or velvet fabric-as, for example, the ner subdivision of the pile and the more even distribution thereof and the superior binding or tying of the'pile. 1 y

V-`I will now describe the constructions of fabrics embodying my invention illustratedy l in the accompanying' drawings and will thereafter point out my invention in claims.

H Figure l is a'diagrammatic view illustrating a vertical longitudinal sectionof a portion of a Wilton or Brussels fabric during the process of weaving the fabric.- Fig. 2 is a similar a View lillustrating the same portion of the fabric after the pile has been cut or sheared to produce a Wilton fabric. Fig. 3 is a similar view of a cut or sheared velvet fabric. Figs. l and 5 are similar views of modified constructions of Wilton or Brussels fabric during the process of weaving.

Each of the drawings illustrates two successive sets of weft-threads and one of each of the binder Awarp-threads, figuring warp-threads, and stuffer warp-threads in the several sets of such threads woven inthe fabric. In the construction of fabric shown in Figs. l, 2, and 3 the weft-threads arearrangedin two planes or layers or plies, and in the construction of fabric shown in Figs. 4: and 5 the weft- Ioo each, the several weft-threads ineach setbey.

ing designated by the numerals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively, and in each set of weftth reads there are two three-shot groups. In each group of three weft-threads in the constructions shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 the first weft-thread is in the upper ply, the second weft-thread in the lower ply, and the third weft-thread in the upper ply, and thus in each set of weft-threads the weft-threads 1, 3, 4, and 6 are' in the upper ply and the weftthreads 3 and 5 in the lower ply.

In the constructions shown in Figs. 4 and 5 the several shots of each group of three weftthreads are in different plies-the first in the upper ply, the second in the middle ply, and the third in the lower ply, and thus in each set of weft-threads the weft-threads 1 and 4 are in the upper ply, the weft-threads 2 and 5 are in the middle ply, and the weft-threads 3 and 6 are in the lower ply. The binder warp-threads are designated and respectively, and are arranged in two sets inter-v woven with the weft-threads, and in the weaving of the fabric the binder warp-threads are alternately and oppositely up for three shots of weft-threads and then down for three shots of weft-thread, so that in each set of six weftthreads each binder warp-thread is over one group of three weft-threads and Linder the other group of three weft-threads. Thus the binder warp-thread I) is over the weft-threads 1, 2, and 3 and under the weft-threads 4, 5, and 6 and the binder warp-thread is under the weft-threads 1, 2, and 3 and over the weftthreads 4, 5, and 6.

In the constructions of fabric shown in Figs. 1, 2, 4, and 5 the figuring warp-threads are shown as arranged in five sets and may be of different colors and are designated c, CZ, e, f, and g, respectively. These figuring warpthreads are separately brought to the upper surface to form the pile, the threads unused at any place being buried in the fabric. In the two-ply fabric (shown in Figs. 1 and 2) the unused pile-form ing figuring warp-threads or drag warp-threads are between the upper and lower plies of the fabric. In the threeply fabrics (shown in Figs. 4 and 5) the drag warp-threads are shown as divided above and below the middle ply; but their arrangement may be varied as desired. The stuier warpthreads are arranged at all times between the upper and lower plies of the fabric. Two sets of stufer warp-threads are usually employed; but in two-ply fabrics these two sets are controlled alike or as one set of double threads, and only one stuffer warp-thread is shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of the drawings. In the three-ply fabrics shown the two sets of stuffer warp-threads are divided above and below the middle ply, and in Fig. 4 the stuer warp-thread s is shown as at all times above the middle-ply weft-threads 2 and 4, and the stuffer warp-thread s' is shown as at all times below these middle-ply weft-threads, while in Fig. 5 the stuffer warp-threads are shown as alternately and oppositely above and helow the middle-ply weft-threads, thereby assisting'to maintain the middle-ply weft-threads in proper position.

In Figs. 1, 4, and 5 a part of one of the pile-forming wires or bars j) is shown in the position which it would occupy relatively to the fabric during the process of weaving the fabric, this pile-wire being arranged longitudinally of the fabric and the pile-forming figuring walqa-threads being carried laterally over this longitudinal pile-wire in the forniation of each pile-loop, and, as shown, the thread of the loop passes upward at one side of the longitudinal pile-wire and downward at the other side thereof and then upward at the same side as that at which it passed down and then downward at the other side at which it originally passed up, so that at each alternate loop a pile warp-thread passes over the pilewire in the same direction. 'Ihe fabric may be woven, however, with cach loop of pile warp-thread passing over the pile-wire in the same direction. As shown, the ),)ile-fornling figuring warp-thread o is tied by the first weft-thread l in the first set of weft-threads at the left of the drawings and passes under the weft-thread and up over the pile-wire, and then down through the fabric to the lower face thereof and around the second weftthread 2 of the set, and then upward through the fabric and over the pile-wire and then downward and under the third weft-thread 3 of the set and then upward and over the pilewire and then downward and around the fou rl l1 weft-thread 4 of the set, and then upward and over the pile-wire and downward through the fabric to pass under and be tied by thel fifth weft-thread 5 of the set, and then upward through the fabric and over the pile-wire and down under the sixth weft-thread 6 of the sot of weft-threads, and then upward and over the pile-wire and downward to pass under and he tied by the first weft-thread 1 of the next or second set of weft-threads shown in the drawings, and then over the pile-wire and down through the fabric and under the second weftthread 2 of this second set of \\'eftthre:uls and into the body of the fabric. The pileforming figuring warp-thread now takes the place of the pile-forming figuring warpthread c on the surface of the fabric and passes upward over the pile-wire and down under the third weft-thread 3 of the .second set of weft-threads, and then upward over the pile-wire and downward under the fourth weft-thread4of the second setof weft-threads, and thereafter as described relatively to the pile-forming figuring warp-thread c. lt is of course evident that any of the pile-forming figuring warp-threads may be brought to the Surface t0 form any one of the pile loops or tufts.

In the velvet fabric shown in Fig. 3 but lOO IIO

one set of pile-.forming figuring warp-threads is employed, as usual in such fabrics, anda single figuring warp-thread /L is shown', and this thread may be of one color throughout its length tovproduce a single colored fabric, or it may be party-colored to produce a patterned fabric, as is usual in velvet carpets. A

stuffer warp-thread s is also shown.

In the weaving of thefabri'cs shown a loom havinglongitudinal pile wires or bars will be employed and the looping of the pile-forming figuring warp-,threads over the longitudinal pile wires or bars may be accomplished in any well-known manner. fabric ythe pile-forming figu ringwarp-threads would becontrolled by a jacquard mechanism andr the stuffer warp-threads could be con trolled by. the jacquard or by heddles or journals, and the binder warp-threadswould preferably be controlled by heddles. or journals. In the weaving of a velvetfabric or of a tapestry fabric, which would be exactly like the velvet, except that the pile-loops would be uncut, all of the weaving could be accomplished with heddles or journals. It is evident, that in the various applications of my present invention modifications may be made in details of construction.

My present invention embodies broad features of invention covered by claims of my formerl patent, No. 695,015, dated March 25, 1902. and I .hereby disclaim everything claimed in such patent.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A pile fabric comprising binder weftthreads and binder warp-threads and pileformingV figuring warp-threads, v the binder l weft-threads being arranged in sets of six forming figuring warp-threads forming a pilel composed of threads bound by each weftthread in the different plies of the fabric.

3. A pile fabric comprising binder weftthreads and binder warp -,threads and pileforming figuring warp-threads, the binder weft-threads being arranged in sets of six weft-threads each and the binder weft-threads and the binder warp-threads being interwoven to form a plurality of plies and the pileform ing figuring warp-threads forminga pile projecting at one face only of the fabric, and the pile being composed of threads bound by each In a Brusselsior Wilton weft-thread in the different plies of the fabric and extending outwardly to form the pile on each side of each weft-thread and on .the pile-face'only of the fabric.

4. A pile fabric having an upper ply and a lower plyand comprising binder weft-threads and binder 'warp-'threads and pile-forming figuring warp-threads,the binder weft-threads being arranged in sets of six weft-threads each, four weft-threads-in the upper ply and two in the lower ply in each set, and the pileforming figuring-warp-threads forming .a pile Yprojecting at the upper face only of the fabric, and the pile being composed of threads bound by each weft-thread in the upper and lower plies of the fabric and extending outwardly to form the pile on each side of each weft-thread and on the upper face only of the fabric.

5. cut-pile fabric having an upper ply `anda lower ply and comprising binder weft- .threads arranged in sets of ysix weft-threads each, each set being composedof two groups of weft-threads .with two weft-threads in one .ply and one in the other ply in each group,

and binder warp-threads arranged in two sets and passing from ply to ply around each group of weft-threads,and of a plural-ity of pile-forming figuring warp-threads successively bound Vby each of the weft-threads at the upper and lower plies of the fabric.

6. A pile fabric having an upperply and a lower ply and composed of binder weft-threads in sets of six weft-threads each, each set being composed of two groups of .weft-'threads with two weft-threads in one ply and one weft- `thread in the other ply in each group, and

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and binder warp-threads being interwoven to form a plurality of plies and the pile-forming guring warp-threads forming a pile projecting at one face only of the fabric, and the pile being composed of threads bound by each weft-thread in the different plies of the fabric and extending outwardly toform the pile on each side of each weft-thread and on the pile face only of the fabric.

8. A cut-pile fabric having an upper ply and a lower ply and comprising binder weftthreads and` binder warp-threads and pileforming figuring warp-threads, the binder weft-threads being arranged in sets of six weft-threads each, each set being composed of two groups of weft-threads with two weftthreads in the upper ply and one'weft-thread in the lower ply in each group, and the pileforming figuring warp-threads forming a pile consisting of tufts projecting at the upper face only of the fabric and the pile being composed of threads bound by each weft-thread in the upper and lower plies of the fabric and extending outwardly to form the pile on each side of each weft-th read and on the upper face only of the fabric, substantially as set forth.

9. A pile fabric having an upper ply and a lower ply and comprising binder weft-threads and binder warp-threads and pile-forming liguring warp-threads, the binder weft-threads being arranged in sets of six weft-threads each, each set being composed of two groups of weft-threads with two weft-threads in the upper ply and one weft-thread in the lower ply in each group, the binder warp-threads beingI arranged in two sets and passing from ply to ply 'so as to be looped about each group of binder weft-threads, and the pileeforming figuring warp-threads being bound by each of the weft-threads at the upper and lower plies of the fabric, substantially as set forth.

10. A cut-pile fabric having an upper and a lower ply and composed of binder weft-threads arranged in sets of six weft-threads each, each set being composed of two groups of weftthreads with two weft-threzuls in the upper ply and one weft-thread in the lower ply in each group, and of binder warp-threiuls ar ranged in two sets and passing from ply to ply so as to be looped about cach group of binder weft-threads, and of pile-forming iiguring warp-threads bound by each of the weft-threads at the upper and lower plies of the fabric, substantially as set forth.

l1. A three-shot pile fabric having a plurality of plies and comprising binder weftthreads and binder warp-threads and pileforming figuring warp-threzuls, the pile-forming iiguring warp-threads forming a pile composed of threads bound by weft-threads in both the upper and the lower plies of the fabric in each group of three weft-thremls.

ln testimony whereof l have aliixcd mysignature in presence of two witnesses.

THOMAS BENTON DO RUAN.

fitnessesz XVILLIAM F. LARER, JAMES H. AVERY. 

